Key Standards & Protocols
Passphrase Extension (25th Word)
An optional word creating a separate key tree from the same seed — enabling duress protection that CLAVI achieves more robustly through physical distribution.
Definition
An optional additional word or phrase appended to a BIP-39 mnemonic to derive a completely different set of keys. The passphrase creates plausible deniability: the base 24-word phrase opens a decoy wallet with minimal funds, while the passphrase-extended version opens the actual vault. This feature enables duress protection — an attacker who extracts the seed phrase accesses only the decoy. However, the passphrase itself becomes another single point of failure. CLAVI's threshold model provides superior duress protection through physical distribution rather than secret memorisation.